A series of Pan-African Congresses were convened to further the interests of African peoples and discuss methods to achieve unification, and at the fifth Congress held in Manchester, England and attended by Nkrumah, among others, a number of significant aspirations and concerns were voiced. Despite a common vision, differing ideological commitments and diverging opinions regarding strategy and structuring of a continental organisation soon divided and obstructed the pursuit of unity.
The division led to the emergence of three ideological blocs on the African continent, split between the Casablanca Group consisting of Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Libya, Egypt, Morocco and Algeria which advocated for radical and full continental integration, the Monrovia Group consisting of Nigeria, Tunisia, Ethiopia, Liberia, Sudan, Togo, and Somalia which proposed a moderate approach to unification to be undertaken in incremental steps, and the Brazzaville Group consisting of Francophone countries and led by Senegal and the Ivory Coast which remained tied to the interests of France.
Perhaps Nkrumah naively pursued a single-minded Pan-African ambition with the assumption that other leaders would be of a like-minded predisposition.
Nkrumah nevertheless underestimated the support for a continental union which would require the surrendering of sovereignty to gain a common monetary, foreign and defence policy, and by the time the OAU was established it presented itself as a diluted version of its former envisioned grandeur. The turbulence of the early s pressed the notion of African countries presenting a united front in the hopes of being taken seriously on the world stage, although the newfound OAU disappointed many of its founding members.
Thus, between 22 and 25 May , delegates from 32 African countries convened in the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa to establish the Organisation for African Unity OAU , intended to form the continental base for pan-Africanism but resulting in a watered-down compromise between competing ideological blocs. At the outset, then, complete unification seemed unattainable. The divisions rendered the construction of a union government based on a consensus of structural, military and political institutions untenable.
The OAU was thus founded with the intention that the organisation would proceed, incrementally, with unification until the eventual goal of a Union of African States was realised.
Source: thisisafrica. While the immediate full integration of African countries was untenable, the OAU did make significant steps towards identifying socio-economic development issues which racked the continent after independence. Thus, the OAU Charter outlined its objectives to. Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of each state and its inalienable right to independent existence,.
Unreserved condemnation, in all its forms, of subversive activities on the part of neighbouring states or any other states,. Absolute dedication to the total emancipation of the African territories which were still dependent, and.
Gradually, an additional 21 states joined the ranks of OAU member states, with South Africa becoming the 53rd and final state to join. Independence was a prerequisite for attaining membership status in the OAU, although policies of the organisation were not legally binding on member states. The Council Of Ministers, consisting of foreign ministers designated by each member state, met biannually and was accountable to the Assembly.
The function of the Council centred on preparing matters of concern for discussion at Assembly meetings. The Council was also responsible for implementing decisions of the Assembly and the coordination of member state cooperation.
At the centre of the persisting violence in the north-central region of Nigeria is bad governance. The absence of support from government leaves communities to determine independently how to move forward, what works, and what is sustainable. Quota systems provide opportunities for more women to stand for election.
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The university however became significantly larger when the federal government transferred the Ibadan branch of the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology to the University of Ife. At that point, the university was temporarily located on the site of the Ibadan branch of the Nigerian College. Teaching began in October of that year with an initial enrollment of only students.
The university started with five faculties which included agriculture, arts, economics and social studies, law, and sciences. Eight other faculties have since been added, namely the faculties of education, pharmacy, administration which replaces the former institute of administration, and environmental design and management. Overall, there are sixty departments. In the university had 35, students on a 5,acre campus.
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